home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Aminet 2
/
Aminet AMIGA CDROM (1994)(Walnut Creek)[Feb 1994][W.O. 44790-1].iso
/
Aminet
/
text
/
docs
/
hst_doc.lha
/
SIX.TXT
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-05-10
|
24KB
|
727 lines
COURIER HST
CHAPTER 6
DIALING AND ANSWERING
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
To successfully establish a communications link, the called or
calling modem must be compatible with the following standards at
the specified rates.
Bits per
Second Standard
9600 USR-HST or compatible
2400 CCITT V.22bis
1200 Bell 212A
300 Bell 103
To successfully exchange data, both modems must use the same 10-
bit data format. The formats allowed are as follows:
Start Data Stop
Bits Bits Parity Bits
1 7 Even, Odd, 1
Mark, Space
1 7 None, Even, Odd, 2
Mark, Space
1 8 None 1,2
Transmission Rate
In general, you should know the transmission rate of the other
modem before calling. However, if the link rate is set to the
default, &N0, and the remote modem is operating at a lower rate,
the Courier falls back to the rate of the remote modem. This
applies to both Originate and Answer Modes. See the discussion
under Data Rate Commands, in Chapter 4.
Error Control
Always set the Courier HST for error control, &M4 (the default)
or &M5, for 9600 bps connections.
It's a good idea to find out if the remote modem is MNP-
compatible at 2400/1200 bps. Some public network services, for
example, are not. If the Courier HST is set to &M4 and dials a
modem that isn't under error control, it operates in Normal Mode
(no error control). However, if the remote modem doesn't support
the MNP protocol at 2400 or 1200 bps, the MNP link-request
signals may be misinterpreted and block a successful connection.
6-1
COURIER HST
If you know the remote modem doesn't support MNP, we recommend
setting the Courier HST to &M0 before dialing.
Automatic Retrain
An HST or V.22bis modem sends a retrain signal if it senses that
a problem in the phone line connection may be causing data
unreliability. The modems stop the transfer of data for about a
second while they resynchronize, and then resume Data Mode
operation.
Retraining only occurs during 9600 and 2400 bps communications.
For a description of the signaling sequence, see Appendix E-3.
PLACING CALLS
The commands discussed in this section are used in the following
operations:
Dialing D (0-9 # * , ; ! P T W @ R), DSn
Redialing A/, A>, >
Canceling dialing <any key>
Dial (D)
When the Dial command is issued the modem goes off hook -- the
equivalent of your picking up the phone -- then enters Originate
Mode and dials the number sequence that follows. The modem also
executes any other commands or options included in the command
line.
The command string may include up to 40 characters, plus the AT
prefix and Carriage Return/Enter key. The modem doesn't count
spaces. It counts punctuation characters such as parentheses and
hyphens, but ignores them.
The following command instructs the modem to stop the display of
commands (E0, turn off the local echo), to dial (D) using Touch-
Tone dialing (T), and to turn off the speaker (M0). The spaces
shown are ignored by the modem and are only included here for
readability.
AT E0 DT 1234567 M0 <Enter>
Dialing Type (P, T)
If set to X0 or X1, the modem defaults to pulse (rotary) dialing.
To have the modem use tone dialing, use the T command, which also
allows you to use the asterisk (*) and pound sign (#). The
6-2
COURIER HST
command may be included in the Dial string, as in the above
example, or issued separately:
ATT <Enter>
The following command resets the modem to pulse dialing:
ATP <Enter>
You can switch from one dial type to another within a dialing
sequence. For example, you might have a phone line that only
accepts pulse dialing (slower than Touch-Tone dialing) but
subscribe to a long-distance service that accepts tone dialing,
such as MCI. You can switch to tone dialing once you've hooked
into the long-distance service. In the following example, a
switch is made to tone dialing before entering a service account
number and the long-distance destination. (The commas are
discussed shortly.)
ATDP 9,,7654321,,T 55555,,1 312 1234567 <Enter>
NOTE: The modem remains set for Touch-Tone dialing until it is
reset or the ATP (pulse) command is reissued.
Adaptive Dialing (X2-X7)
When any of the X2 through X7 options is in effect and you don't
issue a dialing type in the Dial string, the Courier uses tone
dialing, which is faster than the default pulse type. However,
if the phone company central office doesn't have Touch-Tone
detection equipment, the modem can not "break dial" and continues
to detect the dial tone. If this occurs, the modem automatically
reverts to pulse dialing.
Pause (,)
A comma causes a two-second delay in the dial sequence. The
following example contains four-second delays at several points:
ATDP 9,,7654321,,T 55555,,1 312 1234567 <Enter>
The first four-second pause is to access an outside line after
dialing 9, the second to make sure the remote computer is ready
for the user's account number, and the third, to delay before
dialing the long-distance number.
Such pauses, however, may not be necessary. Experiment and use
delays only as required.
NOTE: A slash (/) can be used in any command string to have the
modem pause for only 125 milliseconds. Some users find the
6-3
COURIER HST
shorter delay of a series of slashes, rather than the 2-second
comma pause, useful for certain applications.
Dial and Return to Command Mode (;)
If your phone is plugged into the modem, you can use this option
to have the modem Auto Dial a telephone rather than a modem. The
Courier dials, remains off hook and returns the OK message,
indicating it is in Command Mode.
For example, to have the modem place a voice call, issue the Dial
command with a semicolon:
ATDT5551234; <Enter>
When the modem returns the OK result, pick up your phone receiver
so you can talk to the other party and tell the modem to hang up:
ATH <Enter>
Similarly, you can call a recorded weather or other service.
Have the modem Dial, listen to the recording over the modem's
speaker and, when you're finished, tell the modem to hang up.
Dialing Letters (")
Quotation marks are used to have the modem dial abbreviations and
acronyms used as phone "numbers," such as DIAL USR (the
USRobotics Sales Department's 800 number). The option is called
Quote Mode. Quotation marks are inserted at the beginning of the
alphabetic string:
ATDT"BBS-NEWS <Enter>
If you're including another command after the dial string, use
closing quotation marks before the additional command.
Transferring Calls (!)
This command applies to modems in installations where other
modems share the phone line. The modem flashes the switch-hook,
i.e., goes off hook 0.5 seconds, on hook for 0.5 seconds, and off
hook again to dial the specified extension. The following example
includes instructions to return to Command Mode (;) and to hang
up (H).
ATDT !1234;H <Enter>
6-4
COURIER HST
Wait for a Second Dial Tone (W)
This command is useful in situations where you must wait for a
second dial tone before entering a password, for example, when
using MCI, Sprint, or other long-distance service. The following
command tells the modem to dial the service number, wait for the
second dial tone, dial the ID, pause two seconds, then place the
long-distance call.
ATDT 5551234 W 12345, 3121234567 <Enter>
NOTE: This command executes only if result code option X3 or
greater has been issued. If the modem is set to X2 or lower, the
modem interprets the W as a comma (two-second pause).
Wait for an Answer (@)
Some online services answer the phone and return a tape-recorded
request for information before processing transactions. In such
instances, the @ command can be used in the Dial string to tell
the modem to detect at least one ring, wait for five seconds of
silence at the other end of the call, and then continue to
execute the Dial string.
To use the @ command, set the modem to X3, X4 or X7. If the
modem is set to X2 or lower, the modem returns an ERROR message
when encountering the @ character in a command string. If set to
X5 or X6, the modem hangs up when it detects a voice answer and
sends the VOICE result code.
In the next example, the modem is set to the X4 result code
option and dials a banking service. Each occurrence of @ in the
example indicates a five-second wait for silence after taped
6-5
COURIER HST
requests from the bank for the labeled items. The transaction
code might be used, for example, to request an account balance.
Password
|
ATX4 DT1234567 @ 12345 @ 6789 @ 2;
| |
Account # Transaction Code
If the necessary conditions don't occur -- no rings, or no
following five seconds of silence -- the modem times out as it
normally would (after 30 seconds). It then sends the message NO
ANSWER to the screen and aborts the command.
Reversing Originate/Answer Frequencies (R)
This command allows calls to an originate-only modem. It
reverses the modem's originate/answer frequencies, forcing the
Courier to dial out at the answer frequency. The command follows
the Dial command, before or after the phone number:
AT D1234567R <Enter>
AT DR1234567 <Enter>
CANCELING DIALING
To cancel dial-command execution, press <any key>. If you
inadvertently hit a key on the keyboard while the modem is
dialing, the call is canceled. If this occurs, type the A/
command explained in the next section.
REDIALING
The most frequent reason for redialing is receipt of a busy
signal. The Courier HST provides three ways to redial, as
follows.
Re-execute the Last Command (A/)
The A/ command, which doesn't take the AT prefix or a Carriage
Return, redials one time:
A/
When the modem receives a command, it stores the instruction in
its command buffer until the next AT command is received. Note
that if you've sent the modem an additional command since the
Dial command, A/ re-executes that command instead of redialing.
6-6
COURIER HST
Automated Redialing (>, A>)
These two commands, while they can be used to continuously repeat
any command, are designed for automated redialing. The first (>)
is included in the Dial command. The second (A>) is used alone
to redial the command string in the buffer.
Continuous Repeat (>)
If you know the modem you're calling is frequently busy, include
the Repeat command in the Dial string, as follows:
AT > DT 1234567 <Enter>
AT DT 1234567 > <Enter>
The modem enters Repeat Mode, dials the number, waits the default
30 seconds for a carrier, and hangs up. Then, after a two-second
pause, it redials.
The cycle continues until the modems connect or the modem reaches
a maximum of 10 attempts. The 10-try limit is mandated by the
Canadian Department of Communications (DOC) to prevent tying up
local telephone company exchanges with unconnected calls.
Continuous Re-execute (A>)
This command combines the features of both the A/ and > commands.
The modem enters Repeat Mode as described above, and redials the
Dial string in the command buffer. Like the A/ command, A>
doesn't take the AT prefix or a Carriage Return:
A>
Exiting Repeat Mode
Should you use > or A> with a command other than a Dial string,
abort the cycle by pressing <any key>.
To abort automated redialing, be sure to press <any key> when the
result code appears, during the pause before the modem begins
dialing again. If you press <any key> while the modem is
dialing, that dial attempt is canceled but the cycle continues.
DIALING A STORED NUMBER (DSn)
Chapter 5 includes instructions for storing up to four telephone
numbers in nonvolatile random access memeory (NRAM). To have the
modem dial a stored number use the DSn command, where n is the
number's position, 0-3, in NRAM. In the first of the next two
6-7
COURIER HST
examples, the phone number is stored at position 0, assumed by
the modem if there is no numeric parameter:
ATDS <Enter>
ATDS3 <Enter>
If you've stored a long distance service number/access code, for
example at position 1, use the DSn command to dial the number and
code, and follow that with a Dial command to dial the call's
destination. (The spaces are included for readability.)
AT DS1 D 312 5556789 <Enter>
ESCAPE CODE OPERATIONS (+++)
Once the modem is online to another system, the only command it
recognizes is an escape code of three pluses, which forces the
modem back to Command Mode:
-- Wait one second after entering the last item of data
-- Type: +++
-- Wait one second before typing any data
Do not type the AT prefix or a Carriage Return. The guard time
of one second before and after the code prevents the modem from
misinterpreting the occurrence of +++ in the transmitted data
stream.
If necessary, the character used in the escape code or the
duration of the guard time can be changed by resetting S-register
2 or 12. See Appendix B-5.
Modem Response to +++
The modem returns to Command Mode when it detects the escape
code. However, it keeps the line open or hangs up, depending on
the setting of DIP switch 9:
DIP Switch 9 Response to +++
UP Modem goes on hook (hangs up), sends NO
CARRIER result code
DOWN Modem maintains connection, sends OK result
code (Factory Setting)
Retain the factory-set position (DIP switch 9 DOWN) if you want
the modem to execute commands and return online. (See the O
command, below.)
6-8
COURIER HST
If you want an automatic disconnect when you issue +++, set
switch 9 UP. (If the modem is on, also issue the ATZ command.)
An advantage of this is that you're not likely to inadvertently
run up an all-night phone bill.
WARNING
For unattended modem operations: in rare instances, the modem
may fail to recognize the +++ escape code sequence. If you are
running the modem under software control for unattended
operations, we suggest you use the surefire method of dropping
the RS-232C DTR signal for at least 50 milliseconds, to ensure
against costly phone charges. Methods of turning the DTR signal
off, e.g., closing the communications port, differ from one
computer to another.
RETURNING ONLINE (O)
If DIP switch 9 is DOWN (on detection of the escape code the
modem maintains the connection), you can issue commands and then
toggle the modem back online with the O command, as in this
example:
AT Q1 O <Enter>
HANGING UP (Hn)
If DIP switch 9 is DOWN (factory setting), the escape code forces
the modem back to Command Mode but leaves the line open. To
instruct the modem to hang up, issue the following command once
the modem sends the OK result code:
ATH <Enter>
If DIP switch 9 is UP, the modem automatically hangs up on
receipt of the escape code.
AUTOMATIC ANSWERING
The Courier HST is shipped with DIP switch 5 DOWN, Auto Answer
suppressed. To set the modem to automatically answer incoming
calls, do one of the following:
1. Before powering on the modem, set DIP switch 5 UP. When you
turn the modem on, it answers incoming calls on the first
ring.
2. If the modem is on, use software control. The following
command instructs the modem to answer on the first ring.
(You can substitute a higher value. See the S-Register
summary in Appendix B-5.)
6-9
COURIER HST
ATS0=1 <Enter>
When the modem senses a call coming in, it sends the result code
RING to your screen, goes off hook, and sends the remote modem a
high-pitched answer tone. If there is no Carrier Detect within
30 seconds, the modem hangs up. If the connection is made, the
modem sends a CONNECT result code. When the call is disconnected
by you or the remote user, the modem hangs up and returns the NO
CARRIER code.
Suppressing Auto Answer
To disable Auto Answer, reverse steps 1 or 2 above. Set DIP
switch 5 DOWN before powering on the modem or, if it is powered
on, use the command to set the modem to answer on zero rings:
ATS0=0 <Enter>
Points to Remember
1. If the modem is attached to a computer, you can set the
modem to receive calls when you're not there. Put the modem
in Terminal Mode and set it for Auto Answer. Also set your
software's file-save function to save incoming messages
and/or files.
2. If you've attached your phone so it can be used for
conventional calls, disable Auto Answer when you're not
expecting incoming data calls. Otherwise, your modem may
answer the phone before you do, greeting a voice caller with
a high-pitched, irritating answer tone.
INTERNATIONAL CALLS
The Courier HST has three settings which enable international
calls. These settings do not apply to calls originating in the
U.S. or Canada.
U.S./CCITT Answer Tone (Bn)
In the United States and Canada, modems use a 2225 Hz answer
tone. Outside North America, most modems adhere to the CCITT
V.25 standard and send out a 2100 Hz tone followed by a 2250 Hz
tone. If you're expecting an overseas call, set the Courier to
use the CCITT answer tone. The setting won't affect the modem's
ability to connect with a domestic modem, although it will take
slightly longer to connect with a calling modem.
B0 CCITT answer sequence, used to answer calls calls
originating outside North America. Required with &G2
setting.
6-10
COURIER HST
B1 U.S. answer tone. Default.
Guard Tone (&Gn)
British phone switching systems require the modem to send an 1800
Hz guard tone after it sends an answer tone. The guard tone is
not used in the United States or Canada.
&G0 No guard tone, U.S./Canada. Default.
&G1 Reserved.
&G2 1800 Hz guard tone follows answer tone, United Kingdom and
some Commonwealth countries. Requires B0 setting as well.
Pulse Dial Make/Break Ratio (&Pn)
This command sets the ratio of the off-hook/on-hook (make/break)
interval for pulse dialing. The default sets the modem for use
in North America. The ratio must be changed if the modem is used
in the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries.
&P0 Make/break ratio, U.S./Canada: 39%/61%. Default.
&P1 Make/break ratio, United Kingdom, some Commonwealth
countries: 33%/67%.
6-11